Historical experience of urbanization and urban planning in ethiopia. Commercial bank of ethiopia operating as a normal business bank. It is fundamental, in the sense that the industrial revolution in britain was fundamental. View and download powerpoint presentations on urban planning history and development in ethiopia ppt. Solomon berhe, phd in development economics and planning, university of economics hungary july 2011. As per urban rural disparities concerning access to safe drinking water, out of the world population who lacked access to safe drinking water, about 84% were living in rural areas 5. Urban planning in africa results from indigenous aesthetics and conceptions of form and function as well as the changes brought on by industrialization, modernization, and colonialism.
Urban and regional planning addis ababa university. Ethiopia has a long history and experience in medium and long term planning starting with the three consecutive 5year plans of the 19571961 period followed by the ten year plan of 198485199394 period. Urban planning and design has proven to be an important element in shaping life styles, solving problems and giving new ways of living in the urban arena. Practices, roles and challenges of urban agriculture in south. Planning is a process, procedure, or method for setting goals, identifying and assessing option s, and developing strategies for achieving desired options.
Urban planning as a process cyclic as a whole and consists of a large number of cyclical processes doesnt occur in isolation complex exercise at any scale involvement of all stakeholders is a must requires thorough research and investigations for. Introduction urban planning is a process of guiding the use and development of land with the aim of making the city a better place to live and work. Daniel tadesse, addis ababa city administration housing agency, general manager, addis ababa, ethiopia. This paper focuses on rural and peri urban land because urban land is under a different administrative system and almost all land in ethiopia falls outside the urban category. Pdf practices and challenges of urban planning in ethiopia. History, theories, principles of urban and regional planning. Park access and especially recreational program access were signi. Among these, ethiopia, malawi, kenya, tanzania, uganda, nigeria, and zimbabwe are few examples fao, 2002. Jan 23, 2011 whereas, the existing laws on urban planning, due to their enactment by the unitary system of government, lack in conformity with the prevailing spirit of decentralization and therefore it has become necessary to replace them with a comprehensive legislation which takes into account the federal structure of government and the central role of. One goal could be to make the start of an atlas of urban research and challenges in ethiopia a network project between several institutions, creating an information pool and a venue for discussion on research strategies and planning policy proposalsaction in the ethiopian context.
Because urban planning draws upon engineering, architectural, and social and political concerns, it is variously a technical profession, an endeavour involving political will and public. The efficiency of planning depends to an enormous scale on the ability to comprehend the mechanism of these economic laws. New urban land file management system of ethiopia abebe zeluel, ethiopia, solomon kebede, ethiopia, baheru zeyenu, ethiopia and tuomo heinonen, finland 1. Urban expansion in ethiopia from 1987 to 2017 mdpi. This ethiopia urban expansion initiative has resulted in the designation and protection of hundreds of kilometers of arterial roads and large reserves of public open space. Analyzing development in ethiopia through urban rural. With 17 percent of the population in rural areas outside urban areas, urbanization is concentrated in addis abeba 3. Formal urban planning was introduced during the italian occupation and during this period plans were prepared for major towns of ethiopia including addis ababa based on the principles of western.
As per urbanrural disparities concerning access to safe drinking water, out of the world population who lacked access to safe drinking water, about 84% were living in rural areas 5. The right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural resources, is exclusively vested in the state and in the peoples of ethiopia. Some proposals on the major tasks of planning in the coming period have also been forwarded. School of urban studies and planning portland state university michael e. Since it was considered unseemly for a woman to serve in her own right, ras tafari, the son of ras makonnen and a cousin of menilek, served as zauditus regent and heir apparent. This article delineates the history of urban planning, a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation and distribution networks. In addition, the shortage of adequate funding to meet the mdg targets have. The history of formal urban planning in ethiopia is very recent. This paper critically examines the role of policies and institutions in addressing the developmental challenges of urban centers in ethiopia. A recent urbanization study that used an agglomeration index as a methodology concluded that a large share of the. Before the berlin conference of 1884 1885, which formalized colonialism in many parts of africa, indigenous african cities and villages had ordered structures that varied along ethnic and religious lines and.
More broadly, the nations experience with planning showed the need for reforming the administrative machinery of the government. Its population is currently thought to be 4 million. For the first time in human history, over half of the worlds population is now living in urban centers united nations, 2014. Net population growth is now occurring almost entirely within urban areas and by 2050, urban environment will need to accommodate an additional 2. Therefore, current green space planning practices in developing countries in general and in ethiopia in particular require advanced development in budget allocation, capacity building, awareness creation and stakeholders involvement to be effectively considered as urban green infrastructure compliant. The case study of debremarkos town dmt and its hinterland production linkages, in cities as engines of growth and transformation in ethiopia. Since 2007, urban centers have become the predominant human habitats. Analyzing development in ethiopia through urbanrural. This short paper briefly outlines the history of planning in ethiopia and the actual working mechanism of the planning process. Relationship between history and theory in planning. We propose seven categories to help scholars historically situate and analyze urban open. Formal urban planning was introduced during the italian occupation and during this period plans were prepared for major towns of ethiopia including addis ababa based on the principles of western planning tradition. Topic reflections on the situation of urban cadaster in ethiopia presented by.
Integrated regional development planning in ethiopia. Perspectives on capacity, utilization and transformative possibilities tendayi gondo 1, scelo zibabgwe 2 1urban and regional planning department, university of venda, p bag x5050, thohoyandou 0950, limpopo province, south africa, tendayi. Municipal research authority formalized urban planning techniques in the early part of the 20th century, setting goals, activities, schedules, and milestones in carefully ordered planning documents. Further, the policy outcomes an d gaps are discusse d and expla ined. April 7, 2006 reflections on the situation of urban cadaster in ethiopia.
Today urban planning is an independent discipline that includes different subfields such as landuse planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning. Whereas, the existing laws on urban planning, due to their enactment by the unitary system of government, lack in conformity with the prevailing spirit of decentralization and therefore it has become necessary to replace them with a comprehensive legislation which takes into account the federal structure of government and the central role of. Architecture, building construction and city development, addis ababa university. This presentation is a compilation of selected topics on the history of urbanization, urban and regional planning theories, urban thinkers and their contributes, concepts, bases of land use, applicability to the philippine setting, and a briefer of urban design elements. Roletypes of theory goals knowledge planning action normative theories. Practices and challenges of urban planning in ethiopia. This article delineates the history of urban planning, a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas such as transportation and distribution networks the history of urban planning runs parallel to the history of the city, as planning is in evidence at some. Hosting 30 percent of the urban population of ethiopia, addis ababa, the capital of ethiopia and the diplomatic centre of africa, is one of the fastest growing cities on the continent. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about urban planning history and development in ethiopia ppt. Landscape and urban planning 125 2014 234244 density jerrett et al. In other words, the oldest urban communities known in history began approximately 6,000 years ago and later emerged with the maya culture in. The prince developed the rudiments of a modern bureaucracy by recruiting the newly. Pdf since 1991, ethiopias record of economic growth has been very impressive.
For the first time in history, a majority of the worlds six billion people are living in cities. Urbanization rates differ according to methodologies and data base utilized. Assessment of urban development practices on business expansion in ethiopia research team mathewos asfaw, msc in planning studies, oxford brookes universityuk abebe zeluel, ma in urban management, erasmus university the netherlands dr. Particularly important today as more than onehalf of the worlds population now resides. Even though a set of principles such as multifunctionality and connectivity are increasingly recognized in the academic discourse, there is a difference how these are implemented regionally. Since 1991, ethiopias record of economic growth has been very impressive. Chapter 4 urban planning standards for athani town 4. The first, developed from the earliest times down to the mid1960s and well exemplified in the early development plans coming after the 1947 town and country planning act.
According to the american planning association, the first national conference on city planning occurred in washington, d. If managed proactively, urban population growth presents a huge opportunity to shift the structure and location of economic activity from rural agriculture to the larger and more diversified urban industrial and service sectors. It was acknowledged that planning, to be truly operative, required a modem administrative structure different from that inherited from the preplanning past. This is supported by a growing body of research which shows how highquality public spaces are economically and socially beneficial for local communities and contribute positively to residents quality of life and wellbeing. In the previous regimes, urban development and housing were mainly determined by landlordism, and in. Sections 6 and 7 offer final conclusion in the form of development strategy and. Ethiopias low income reflects ethiopias relativey low rate of urbanization. Urban planning history and development in ethiopia ppt. Nupi 2006, in its manual for urban planning and implementation book. Further, the policy outcomes and gaps are discussed and explained. Ethiopia land policy and administration assessment xiii governments from pursuing land redistribution which on several occasions has stripped farmers of rights or reduced landholdings. Need to rationalize the interests and activities of planning under conditions of social foment the social sciences as a more broadly based interpretive lens role of history and theory in understanding planning 1. This paper focuses on rural and periurban land because urban land is under a different administrative system and almost all. Urban open space provides a unique conduit for the sociospatial study of urban history.
The government of ethiopia and the city of addis ababa have requested support from the world bank and other development partners in preparing and implementing two major activities related to building resilience. May 12, 2016 this presentation is a compilation of selected topics on the history of urbanization, urban and regional planning theories, urban thinkers and their contributes, concepts, bases of land use, applicability to the philippine setting, and a briefer of urban design elements. Smith school of human evolution and social change arizona state university abstract. Town planning measures may affect the property interest of many individuals as town planning implies certain amount of control over the individuals rights to use his property. The quality of urban life is one of the big goals that the field tries to reach. Urban green infrastructure planning should be based on certain principles for addressing a variety of challenges associated with sustainable development. Ethiopia ethiopia the rise and reign of haile selassie i 191674. Abstract in the next 20 years, african cities will more than double in population, and their spatial extent could more than triple. The next step in ethiopias wss sector development must be focused on local wss service provider capacity building so that national policies and strategies are effectively implemented and sustainable service expands to semiurban and rural populations. Ethiopia the rise and reign of haile selassie i 191674.
Even with the certificates, land users may lose rights to use land under certain circumstances. Out of the total population living in the urban areas, addis ababa, the capital city, alone. This paper critically examines the role of policies and institutions in. Irrespective of the work of urban agricultural management agency in ethiopia, urban agriculture is still a traditional practice and mostly under taking informally. In the evolution of urban planning theory in england which also applies to many of the western world despite time difference, hall 1992 identified three different stages. Before the berlin conference of 1884 1885, which formalized colonialism in many parts of africa, indigenous african cities and villages had ordered. Its geographic location, combined with its political and socioeconomic status have made it a melting pot to hundreds of thousands of people coming from all. Practices, roles and challenges of urban agriculture in. Urban planning, design and regulation of the uses of space that focus on the physical form, economic functions, and social impacts of the urban environment and on the location of different activities within it. Ethiopia s low income reflects ethiopia s relativey low rate of urbanization. Historically, urban planning was associated with such fields as architecture, landscape architecture, civil engineering and public administration.